The Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visa has two types, the 2 year period and the 4 year period. Previously there were 651 approved skilled occupations that let people work in Australia, after the changes there are only 435 occupations. As of July 2017 all applicants will need to have an IELTS score of 5 without exemptions, and penal clearance certificates become mandatory. Short term TSS can be renewed only once, and enjoys no residency pathway. Permanent residents have to wait 4 years to apply for citizenship instead of 1 year as before. Reports show that from 2011 to 2015, the number of Vietnamese workers granted the 457 visa rose by nearly 70%, and the number of Vietnamese immigrants to Australia remained in the top 6.
