Foreign Minister Julie Bishop has said the deal will help both countries in their efforts to tackle Islamic State (IS).
She added that Australia would have access to information gathered by Iranian operatives in Iraq.
Ms Bishop spoke after her meeting with President Hassan Rouhani, during her first visit to Iran.
About 100 Australians are believed to have travelled to Iraq and Syria to fight with IS, with authorities warning they present a serious threat to domestic security.
There are also concerns about supporters of IS and other radical groups within Australia.
At the weekend, five teenagers were arrested over an alleged plot to carry out an attack at a World War One centenary event.
